Articles and information in relation to UK Payroll for business, employers and employees.
Who are the Fair Work Agency (FWA)? The Fair Work Agency (FWA) is the nations single enforcement body for major employment rights, launched on 7th April 2026. One of its opening priorities is policing and enforcement of National Minimum Wage (which also includes the Hational Kiving Wage). An area of concern are umbrella deductions and … Continue reading Minimum Wage Enforcement and Umbrella Deductions
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) has seen an increase in attempts to use ‘Bills of Exchange’ to pay a tax liability. HMRC are aware that there are promoters, particularly in the recruitment and temporary labour sector, marketing their use. Organised Crime Groups are also particularly active in these sectors. HMRC have set out their position … Continue reading Tax fraud warning: ‘Bills of Exchange’
As part of the December 2025 Employer Bulletin, information on Labour supply change responsibilities have been issued: From 6th April 2026, significant changes to PAYE responsibilities will come into effect for labour supply chains, that include umbrella companies. An agency or end client are responsible for making sure PAYE is operated correctly when an umbrella company employs their workers. … Continue reading New PAYE responsibilities in labour supply chains – Umbrellas
HMRC publishes the Employer Bulletin 6 times a year, giving employers and agents the latest information on topics and issues that may affect them. Some of these topics have already been covered by PAYadvice.UK in articles and blogs and further articles and blogs may now additionally be published. The December 2025 edition of Employer Bulletin … Continue reading Employer Bulletin: December 2025
What are umbrella companies? Umbrella companies are employment intermediaries that employ workers on behalf of agencies and end clients. Many umbrella companies operate diligently, supporting their employees and providing convenience and administrative benefits for agencies. Some appear to be involved in tax avoidance However, too many are used to facilitate non-compliance including tax avoidance and … Continue reading Umbrellas — rules to tackle non-compliance
The independent loan charge review and government response were published Wednesday 26th November 2025 following Budget 2025. At Autumn Budget 2024, the government committed to an independent review of the Loan Charge to help bring the matter to a close for those affected whilst ensuring fairness for all taxpayers. On 23rd January 2025, the Exchequer … Continue reading Independent Loan Charge review and response
HMRC is aware that businesses are being approached by organisations offering models which falsely claim to be able to reduce employment costs through ‘tax credits’ offset from third party businesses they have acquired. HMRC considers these arrangements tax evasion. HMRC is aware that businesses are being approached by organisations offering models which falsely claim to be able to reduce … Continue reading Tax fraud warning for employment agencies and employers
HMRC publishes the Employer Bulletin 6 times a year, giving employers and agents the latest information on topics and issues that may affect them. Some of these topics have already been covered by PAYadvice.UK in articles and blogs and further articles and blogs may now additionally be published. The October edition of Employer Bulletin includes … Continue reading Employer Bulletin: October 2025
HMRC have added a practicing barrister, Setu Kamal, to the HMRC tax avoidance promoters list for the first time. Practising barrister added to GOV.UK tax avoidance promoter list for the first time HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) finds senior legal professional designed four schemes that aimed to avoid Income Tax and National Insurance A practising … Continue reading HMRC name tax avoidance barrister
HMRC has secured a landmark victory at an Upper Tier Tribunal against Mini Umbrella Company (MUC) fraud. The judgement states that MUC’s fraud is valued at hundreds of millions per year, through abuse of the VAT Flat Rate Scheme and Employment Allowance. This tribunal decision is claimed to will help create fair competition for legitimate businesses, … Continue reading Mini Umbrella Company fraud tribunal win for HMRC
HMRC publishes the Employer Bulletin 6 times a year, giving employers and agents the latest information on topics and issues that may affect them. Some of these topics have already been covered by PAYadvice.UK in articles and blogs and further articles and blogs may now additionally be published. The August edition of Employer Bulletin includes … Continue reading Employer Bulletin: August 2025
The government says it is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer. Good and bad umbrella Many umbrella companies operate diligently, supporting their employees and providing convenience and administrative benefits for agencies. ..too many are used to facilitate non-compliance However, too many are used to facilitate non-compliance including tax avoidance … Continue reading Non-compliant umbrellas to be tackled
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have published promotional information on how to spot the signs of disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes. Tax avoidance does not pay: most schemes do not work. Those who use tax avoidance schemes may end up paying more than the tax they tried to avoid as well as interest and potentially … Continue reading Spotting disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes
New PAYE service announced to save around 35 million taxpayers’ time. At least 90% of taxpayer interactions with HMRC to be digital by 2030. Reducing post and letters to save £50 million a year – equal to almost 1,500 full time nurses. Workers are set to take control of their tax affairs as the government announced on … Continue reading Workers to take control of their tax affairs with new HMRC services
With HMRC clamping down on some umbrella organisations, and new regulatory obligations also being introduced, some employees are finding that the are being transferred from one umbrella to another. HM Revenue and customs have issued guidance for those who are potentially being targeted and involved in tax avoidance arrangements which don’t work. HMRC provide the … Continue reading Being moved between umbrellas?
The June 2025 Employer Bulletin has outlined and shared resources for umbrella employer organisation, their users and associated employees. The HMRC published and named tax avoidance schemes list contains a sizeable number of umbrella organisations who have been found to be promoting and operating tax avoidance schemes which don’t work. New guidance and tools for … Continue reading Umbrella employers – good practice updates
Dear PAYadvice.UK HMRC have issued the June 2025 edition of the Employer Bulletin which brings the latest HMRC updates and guidance to support employers, payroll professionals and agents. The June edition of Employer Bulletin includes articles on: PAYE Settlement Agreement calculations 2024 to 2025 organised labour fraud — the supply of labour through Employment Intermediaries mandating the … Continue reading June 2025 Employer Bulletin
The government has published its response to the consultation on Umbrellas on 4th March 226. There is evidence of widespread non-compliance in the umbrella company market resulting in the depriving of workers employment rights. The Government considers action in the umbrella company market is imperative to protect the most vulnerable workers. Responses to the consultation … Continue reading Umbrella non-compliance
The Government… table amendments to the Employment Rights Bill. The Government have laid amendments to the Employment Rights Bill following weeks of consultation with business groups and unions. The Bill claims to support the Government’s mission to increase productivity and create the right conditions for long-term sustainable, inclusive, and secure economic growth, delivering on the … Continue reading Employment Rights Bill latest
Secretary of State pledges to contain NHS agency spend Trusts could be banned from using agencies to cover gaps in entry level positions, and agencies could be banned from re-introducing NHS workers that leave permanent jobs Understaffed NHS forced to spend £3 billion on agency staff last year Wes Streeting to address healthcare leaders in … Continue reading Clamp down on NHS temporary workers
The most recent additions and updates to the list of named tax avoidance schemes, promoters, enablers and suppliers were published on 7 November 2024. New additions: Adapt Limited (Based in Isle of Man) Balance Bay Services Limited Century Umbrella Limited Consortius Solutions Limited Employe Limited Help protect workers from getting caught out by tax avoidance Tackling … Continue reading The list keeps growing – Tax Avoidance
Dear PAYadvice.UK Yesterday [Wednesday 30th October 2024], the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Rt Hon Rachel Reeves MP, made her Autumn Budget speech and set out the government’s fiscal plans. This [communication] provides you with information on the key measures announced in the Autumn Budget 2024 that will be relevant to you as an agent. Tax related … Continue reading Autumn Budget 2024 – HMRC
Analysis shows that umbrella companies were used to engage at least 700,000 workers in 2022 to 2023. This also shows that at least 275,000 of these workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that failed to comply with their tax obligations. These schemes can leave … Continue reading Tackling umbrella non-compliance
The image of the umbrella is significant as many of the named tax avoidance and those issued with official stop notices are umbrella organisations. Some even operate across the public sector. The workers are not all high paid, and the resulting tax bill for tax not paid on what is earnings, wages, employment income, can … Continue reading Tax Avoidance promoters – the list keeps growing – now over 120+
As part of the October 2024 Employer Bulletin, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) are asking employers to to assist with protecting workers from getting caught using tax avoidance schemes which do not work. The HMRC tax avoidance ‘don’t get caught out’ campaign helps workers such as contractors spot the signs of bad tax advice and understand their … Continue reading Help protect workers from getting caught out by tax avoidance
Another nine dodgy tax avoidance promoter schemes have been named by HM Revenue and Customs (8th August 2024 and 22nd August 2024). A similar pattern of pay close to National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage are made with the application of tax and National Insurance with a further disguised payment made without correct deductions … Continue reading More umbrella tax avoidance schemes named
HMRC have added Blizzard Pay Ltd (BPL) to their named list of tax avoidance scheme promoters. So how did Blizzard claim to work? Individuals within the Blizzard Umbrella provided services to end clients as employees of BPL. Employees receive part of their BPL remuneration at a rate close to the National Minimum Wage or National Living Wage which … Continue reading Blizzard added to the tax avoidance promoters list
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have increased the number of named tax avoidance schemes, promoters, enablers and suppliers, update 18th July 2024. New additions: B2BTradecard Ltd New Mill Resourcing Ltd Umbrella Zone Limited If you are involved in any of the tax avoidance scheme contact HMRC as soon as possible. There is more information about how to do … Continue reading More names added to the tax avoidance list!
Amongst a long list of 40 government proposed bills (more even than Tony Blair’s government) as part of the Kings Speech held on Wednesday 17th July 2024, included was the the progression of a new bill to cover workers rights: 'My Government is committed to making work pay and will legislate to introduce a new … Continue reading Kings Speech – employment rights and pensions
As part of the July 2024 Employer Bulletin, HMRC are highlighting their spotlight 64 information on rogue umbrella organisations and the difficulties agencies and their workers may get into. HMRC is aware that some umbrella companies who are using employment and recruitment agencies to promote tax avoidance. Warning for employment agencies using umbrella companies (Spotlight … Continue reading Warning for employment agencies using umbrella companies – Spotlight 64
PAYadvice author Simon Parsons is a contributor to the new GPA magazine 04:05 Global Payroll, in this months edition he covers the increasing use of Tax Planning and Tax Avoidance measures which appear to be expanding in use in the current cost of living crisis. However, where some may work, other don’t and HMRC are … Continue reading GPA – UK Payroll – Tax Planning and Tax Avoidance Measures Becoming Prevalent
HMRC have issued the July 2024 edition of the Employer Bulletin which brings the latest HMRC updates and guidance to support employers, payroll professionals and agents.the next edition will be published in August 2024. In this edition of the Employer Bulletin there are important updates and information on: PAYE tax calculation repayments PAYE Settlement Agreement calculations 2023 … Continue reading July 2024 Employer bulletin
With the Labour party winning with a significant majority and forming a new UK government, changes to employment and payroll law will be easier than experienced by prior governments. Tax and NICs Whilst there is an aim for stabilising the UK economy, Labour promised to not increase existing PAYE income tax rate or National Insurance. … Continue reading Labour win – payroll and HR impacts
The HMRC have added a further 3 umbrella organisations that have been found to promoting tax avoidance schemes which HMRC claim do not work. An umbrella company is a business often used by recruitment agencies to pay temporary workers. The common theme of these failed arrangements is a payment close to National Minimum Wage levels … Continue reading More umbrellas named!
HMRC have named more umbrella tax avoidance schemes that don’t work as part of the 72 tax avoidance named schemes. And there will be more under investigation or not yet caught. Added avoidance schemes are Goldfish Umbrella Limited, Signature Vintage Limited and We Are Ava Limited, of course they all claim full compliance with legal … Continue reading More named tax avoidance umbrella schemes bagged
Accent Umbrella Ltd (AUL) has been named by HMRC as a promoter of tax avoidance schemes. Please be cautious following advice from these entities about joining other umbrella companies. We advise users of this scheme to contact us to get help to exitHMRC Accent Umbrella advertised itself as ‘the perfect compliment to your work life. … Continue reading With Accent Umbrella? Get out!
The HMRC has named another Umbrella company who is promoting tax avoidance schemes that they claim don’t work! Solucionis claims to be ‘An Umbrella Company That Suits Your Work Style’, or maybe not. Solucionis also claims to offers ‘hassle-free umbrella services that take all of the paperwork and admin stress away from you’, or maybe … Continue reading Solucionis named by HMRC as tax avoidance promoter
The government remains concerned about the scale of non-compliance in the umbrella company market, and the detrimental impact that this has on workers, taxpayers and the labour market. In Summer 2023, the government consulted on options to reduce tax non-compliance in the market and will publish a response to its consultation soon. To support workers … Continue reading Tackling Non-Compliance in the Umbrella Companies Market
A tax avoidance promoter whose schemes were used by locum doctors and nurses faces a £900,000 penalty for failing to co-operate with HM Revenue & Customs. IPS Progression Limited (IPS) paid their 1,593 scheme users largely with tax-free loans between April 2016 and April 2022. Some of the workers were locum doctors and nurses whose … Continue reading £900,000 penalty for promoter of tax avoidance scheme
Coinciding with the Home Office Stop! Think Fraud campaign, the Disclosure & Barring Service is providing support to job seekers for a safer employment search. Persuading job seekers to pay for a non-existent DBS check is a tactic being used by fraudsters to extract cash from their victims, with January and February a peak period … Continue reading ‘Fake DBS check’ recruitment scams
HMRC continues to warn about avoidance schemes and have added another name to their published list – Purity Ltd. If you are you using this umbrella company? Get in touch with HMRC so they can provide help to exit How the scheme claimed to work Purity Ltd (‘Purity’) employees provide their services to an end … Continue reading Not so pure umbrella scheme – get out!
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have named (21st December 2023) another tax avoidance promoter umbrella company using powers from the Finance Act 2022 - the named umbrella is MLG Pay Ltd. MLG Pay provides an umbrella service to contractors, freelancers, and temporary employees. They claimed to ‘provide a payroll service designed to bridge this gap … Continue reading Another avoidance umbrella named!
Working with HM Treasury (HMT) and the Department for Business and Trade (DBT), HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have published new guidance for employment businesses who work with umbrella companies. This guidance will help them to understand their legal responsibilities, support umbrella company workers in their supply chains and protect their business by reducing their … Continue reading Responsibilities for employment businesses working with umbrella companies
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have added more tax avoidance schemes that don’t work. Bluestar Financial Solutions Limited The scheme user enters an employment contract with Bluestar Financial Solutions Limited who make composite payments to the scheme users for services provided by the user. The first element is a salary with tax and National Insurance … Continue reading HMRC names more tax avoidance schemes
They we have added (25th September 2023) three more names to the published list of tax avoidance schemes Olympus Contracting Limited, Hamilton Bradbury Ltd and Edge Umbrella Ltd. They urge anyone involved in these (and similar schemes) to get in touch if using these umbrella companies so they can provide help to exit. Olympus Contracting … Continue reading HMRC name three more tax avoidance schemes that don’t work
HMRC have added new names to their list of Tax Avoidance promoters. Some of these umbrella companies arrangement use an unusual structure utilising users' Personal Service Companies (PSC). ABC Umbrella Ltd The arrangements involve individuals providing their services to end clients or agencies through ABC Umbrella Limited as their employer. The individuals also enter an … Continue reading HMRC names and warns users of more tax avoidance scheme promoters
HMRC have issued the August 2023 edition of the Employer Bulletin which brings the latest HMRC updates and guidance to support employers, payroll professionals and agents. In this month’s edition there are important updates and information on: PAYE Tax relief on employee contributions to registered pension schemes Ceasing your PAYE scheme Correcting payroll mistakes for … Continue reading August 2023 Employer Bulletin
HM Revenue and. Customs have used their powers to name another promoter of tax avoidance that does not work on Tuesday 2nd August 2023. Apricot Umbrella Ltd (of Canterbury and associated with ADYE Ltd of Cyprus) has been listed as a promoter of a tax avoidance scheme. HMRC urge anyone using this umbrella company to … Continue reading Another fruitless umbrella tax avoidance scheme named by HMRC
HMRC have listed another rogue umbrella promoting tax avoidance schemes which do not work. Named on 27th July 2023, Easyway Umbrella Limited of Hemel Hempstead, joins the pool of umbrellas and other organisations that have been judged as promoting failed tax avoidance schemes. Maybe not such an Easyway, this umbrella joins others named such as … Continue reading Another tax avoidance rogue umbrella warning
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have named a further three tax avoidance promoters. They have added to their naming list: Bluemoore Associates Ltd, Resource Hubco Ltd, and PAYE services Ltd as tax avoidance schemes. They urge anyone using these umbrella companies to get help to exit. Bluemoore Associates Ltd (BAL). The users sign a contract … Continue reading Three more tax avoidance umbrellas named
Following the call for evidence in the umbrella company market with over 400 responses., the government have published the Summary of Responses document. The Call for Evidence was originally published in November 2021 and closed on 22nd February 2022. It asked for views and evidence to understand the reasons businesses and individuals use umbrella companies … Continue reading Regulating Umbrellas
The most recent update was on 20th April 2023 with the addition of Acacia Resourcing Services Limited and Marquee Ltd. Acacia Resourcing Services Limited Users sign an employment contract with Acacia that says they will be paid at least the National Minimum Wage (NMW). Users also enter into an Option Grant Agreement with Acacia. Users … Continue reading More tax avoidance Umbrellas named
The Department for Business and Trade (DBT), formerly known as BEIS have issued updated information on one of their areas of responsibility in relation to employment law - National Minimum Wage. A checklist for employers The following checklist provides information on the common causes of minimum wage underpayments and links to further guidance: Making wage … Continue reading Common causes of minimum pay breach
HMRC names 5 more tax avoidance schemes, as part of their crack-down on tax avoidance promoters. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) has published the details of 5 further tax avoidance schemes, including three promoted by AML Tax (UK) Limited. Last year, Doug Barrowman firm AML Tax (UK) Ltd was fined £150,000 for failing to provide HMRC … Continue reading Five more tax avoidance schemes named
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) are advising users of the named schemes promoted by Charteris Management Ltd (CML) to withdraw from them. These schemes often targeted physiotherapists, radiographers, and nurses, and often wrongly promise avoidance of National Insurance and Income Tax. The scheme users enter into an employment contract with Charteris Management Ltd (CML), providing … Continue reading More warnings to medical staff about dirty umbrellas
HMRC have published their December 2022 edition of the employers bulletin. It covers a multitude of topics: PAYE Your employees may be eligible for tax relief on their work related expenses Reduction in the rate of National Insurance contributions from 6 November 2022 — updated guidance Payrolling expenses and benefits for the 2023 to 2024 … Continue reading December 2022 Employer Bulletin
HMRC have published their October 2022 edition of the employers bulletin. It covers a multitude of topics: PAYE Reduction in the rate of National Insurance contributions and reversal of the Health and Social Care Levy — employer actions Making your PAYE Settlement Agreement payment Guidelines for Compliance — help with PAYE Settlement Agreement calculations Electronic … Continue reading October 2022 HMRC Employer Bulletin
HMRC uses new powers to publicly name the directors of tax avoidance promoting companies. Tax avoidance bosses have been named for the first time in the latest move to help protect the public. HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) has used new powers to publicly name directors of tax avoidance promoting companies, with customers being warned … Continue reading Directors of a tax avoidance promoters named for the first time
A tax avoidance promoter based in The Shard has been exposed by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) with users warned to withdraw or risk large tax bills. ContractorCare Ltd has been named by HMRC as a tax avoidance promoter, along with PAYEme Ltd, and Gateway Outsource Solutions Ltd. Customers of these business are being urged … Continue reading London landmark tax avoidance scheme named
As part of the August 2022 employer bulletin, HMRC has issued information on Organised Labour Fraud. Organised labour fraud is the collective name HMRC gives to three main frauds: labour fraud in constructionmini-umbrella company fraudpayroll company fraud It’s ‘organised’ because it is orchestrated and conducted by organised crime groups. It’s ‘labour fraud’ because it always … Continue reading Organised Labour Fraud
The government have launched a consultation to improve data in relation to employment and self employment. The consultation Proposes a number of options for improving the range of data HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) collects, uses and responsibly and safely shares across government. They want to ensure that the data held gives an accurate and … Continue reading Improving the data HMRC collects – consultation
HMRC names Peak PAYE Ltd as a tax avoidance promoter and urges individuals to withdraw from using it. This tax avoidance scheme has been exposed by HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) on 8th June 2022, to help ensure customers do not end up with large tax bills. Individuals using a tax avoidance scheme provided by … Continue reading HMRC urges customers to leave tax avoidance scheme promoted by London-based firm
The Court of Appeal has found in favour of HMRC that Mr Hoey was liable to pay the tax in his income in ‘Stephen Hoey and others v HMRC’ (13th May 2022). HMRC welcomed the Court of Appeal decision, which confirms that this kind of tax avoidance scheme does not work. Tax avoidance deprives the … Continue reading HMRC wins disguised remuneration tax avoidance case
For pay periods commencing from the 1st April 2022, the new National Minimum Wage and National Living Wage rates come into force. Employers who fail to ensure that their staff are paid at least minimum wage for all work-time will be in breach of National Minimum Wage law and are committing criminal activity. those found … Continue reading New National Minimum Wage rates commence
Naming tax avoidance promoters As part of the approach to support taxpayers to steer clear, or move out, of tax avoidance HMRC plans to publish details of those involved in the supply of mass-marketed tax avoidance schemes and details of the schemes they are selling. This will enable taxpayers to spot avoidance schemes more easily … Continue reading HMRC to name tax avoidance promoters
The government has published a call for evidence on the umbrella company market. Umbrellas - what are they? Umbrella companies play a role in the labour market by facilitating the engagement of temporary workers. Umbrella companies employ individuals on behalf of clients and employment businesses. They do not source work for the employee, which is … Continue reading Call for Evidence: umbrella company market
In the agent update 87, the HMRC remind agents about an arrangement where a company creates an unfunded pension obligation to pay a director of the company a pension. The company may then transfer their obligation to pay the director a pension to a relative or another individual closely associated with the director. The arrangements … Continue reading Using unfunded pension arrangements
Union body warns use of umbrella companies could spiral post-pandemic New TUC research estimates that half of agency workers work for umbrella companies The TUC has called for umbrella companies to be banned. The union body says the scandalous workplace practices associated with umbrella companies have “no place in modern Britain”. An umbrella company is … Continue reading TUC urges ban on umbrella companies – end exploitation of workers amid scandalous workplace practices which have “no place in modern Britain”
HMRC have issued the June 2021 Employer Bulletin, again, packed full with information. In this month’s edition of the Employer Bulletin there are updates and information on the following: Coronavirus (COVID-19) updates and information Coronavirus: how HMRC will continue to support customers and the economyClaim working from home tax reliefContinued support for businesses: Statutory Sick … Continue reading HMRC June 2021 Employer Bulletin
HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) have published new guidance on Monday 24th May 2021 which explains how intermediaries can calculate statutory payments for their workers where the off-payroll working rules (IR35) apply. Some payroll software and service solutions may have incorporated automated calculations to facilitate automated statutory payment calculations whereas others may require manual adjustments. … Continue reading Statutory Payments from the deemed employees intermediaries
HMRC have issued guidance (13th May 2021) to both and help warn business to be aware of risks within Labour supply chains. Why assure the labour supply chain Failing to take reasonable action to make sure that the supply of labour is legitimate can lead to significant legal, financial and reputational risks, liability for unpaid … Continue reading Supply chain due diligence to assure labour supply chains
HMRC have issued information on fraud being committed by a number of Mini Umbrella Companies. HMRC claim that every business which either places or uses temporary labour should be aware of the potential dangers posed to by mini umbrella company fraud. Not only can a fraudulent supply chain lead to reputational and financial damage to … Continue reading Mini Umbrella Company (MUC) fraud
HMRC have published further guidance (29th April 2021) to clarify the position on agency and contractors who are employees of umbrella organisations. Working through an umbrella company Those employed by umbrellas can find out about how and what they will be paid if they are an agency worker or contractor and work through an umbrella … Continue reading HMRC publish guidance for those employed by umbrellas
The Low Incomes Tax Reform Group (LITRG) has published a research report looking at the use of ‘umbrella’ companies and other labour market intermediaries in the UK. The factual and technical report also considers the nature and scale of disguised remuneration schemes. It is intended to help increase public knowledge of how labour market intermediaries … Continue reading ‘Umbrella’ companies under the spotlight